Катерина Кларк — новинки

В уже ставшем классическим исследовании профессора Йельского университета Катерины Кларк раскрывается длинная и противоречивая история формирования советской культуры. Истоки драматических схваток эпохи культурной революции (конца 1910-х — начала 1930-х годов) обнаруживаются в дореволюционной истории, уходя корнями в различные эстетические программы радикального преобразования жизни. Стремление государства подчинить сферу культуры своим интересам встречается с попытками различных художественных и академических групп использовать государство в борьбе с конкурентами. Ценности классической культуры сталкиваются с вкусами масс, утопические проекты — с продуктами коммерческой индустрии, «старый Петербург» — с «новой Москвой». Из этого контрапункта и рождается социалистический реализм, о чем убедительно рассказывается в этой книге.

В XVI веке Филофей, инок Псковского Спасо-Елеазарова монастыря, провозгласил Москву Третьим Римом. К началу 1930-х годов интеллектуалы и художники всего мира видели в Москве источник нового просветительского и освободительного проекта. Труд известного слависта, профессора Йельского университета Катерины Кларк показывает, как официальные институции и советские интеллектуалы пытались утвердить репутацию СССР в качестве центра левого и антифашистского движений, превратить Москву в культурный образец нового глобального будущего. Главные герои этой книги — С. Эйзен­штейн, С. Третьяков, М. Кольцов и И. Эренбург, чья интеллектуальная, художественная и политическая активность легла в основу меняющейся генеральной линии советской культурной дипломатии на протяжении второй половины 1920-х—1930-х годов. Теоретический контекст данного исследования составляют работы Б. Брехта, В. Беньямина, Г. Лукача и М. Бахтина. В свою очередь, ключевые понятия современного социогуманитарного знания – транснационализм, космополитизм, мировая литература — задают новый политический и полемический контекст для понимания их собственных работ. В результате такого челночного прочтения на месте железного занавеса, зачастую предопределяющего описание советской культуры 1930-х годов, обнаруживается интернациональное пространство интеллектуального диалога.

In the early sixteenth century, the monk Filofei proclaimed Moscow the 'Third Rome.' By the 1930s, intellectuals and artists all over the world thought of Moscow as a mecca of secular enlightenment. In "Moscow, the Fourth Rome", Katerina Clark shows how Soviet officials and intellectuals, in seeking to capture the imagination of leftist and anti-fascist intellectuals throughout the world, sought to establish their capital as the cosmopolitan center of a post-Christian confederation and to rebuild it to become a beacon for the rest of the world. Clark provides an interpretative cultural history of the city during the crucial 1930s, the decade of the Great Purge. She draws on the work of intellectuals such as Sergei Eisenstein, Sergei Tretiakov, Mikhail Koltsov, and Ilya Ehrenburg to shed light on the singular Zeitgeist of that most Stalinist of periods. In her account, the decade emerges as an important moment in the prehistory of key concepts in literary and cultural studies today - transnationalism, cosmopolitanism, and world literature. By bringing to light neglected antecedents, she provides a new polemical and political context for understanding canonical works of writers such as Brecht, Benjamin, Lukacs, and Bakhtin. "Moscow, the Fourth Rome" breaches the intellectual iron curtain that has circumscribed cultural histories of Stalinist Russia, by broadening the framework to include considerable interaction with Western intellectuals and trends. Its integration of the understudied international dimension into the interpretation of Soviet culture remedies misunderstandings of the world-historical significance of Moscow under Stalin.

В монографии известной американской славистки предложена оригинальная концепция функционирования социалистического реализма. Книга предназначена филологам, культурологам, всем интересующимся развитием духовной культуры XX века.

Deploying analytical tools drawn from anthropology, history and literary theory, Katerina Clark's path-breaking study explores the evolution of the socialist realist novel as a myth-like genre. Blending intellectual and literary history, Clark traces the development of the novel's master plot from its origins in the mid-19th century to its end at the close of the 20th.

One of the most creative periods of Russian culture and the most energized period of the Revolution coincided in the years 1913-1931. During this time both the Party and the intellectuals of Petersburg strove to transform backward Russia. Yet the end result was the Stalinist culture of the 1930s with its purges. Katerina Clark focuses on the complex negotiations among the extraordinary environment of the Revolution, the utopian striving of both politicians and intellectuals, the local culture system, and that broader environment, the arena of contemporary European and American culture.

In such diverse fields as semiotics, literary theory, social theory, linguistics, psychology, and anthropology, Mikhail Bakhtin's importance is increasingly recognized. His posthumous fame comes in striking contrast to his obscurity during his lifetime (1895-1975), much of it spent as a semi-invalid in a succession of provincial towns. He received no public recognition, in the Soviet Union or abroad, until the last dozen years of his long life--not surprisingly, given the historical circumstances. His books on Freudianism (1927), on Formalism(1928), and on Marxism and the philosophy of language (1929) were published as the work of others, as were a number of important essays. His study of Dostoevsky appeared under his own name but only after his arrest and sentence to exile, and it quickly disappeared from sight. Some manuscripts were never published; one was used by Bakhtin for cigarette paper. His book on Rabelais, completed in 1940, remained unpublished for twenty-five years--until, in a less repressive political climate, friends had succeeded in negotiating a reissue of the book on Dostoevsky. The Rabelais book, when translated, caused a stir among folklorists, anthropologists, and social historians, with its theory of carnival and of ritual inversions of hierarchy. The book on Dostoevsky aroused intense interest among literary theorists in the concept of the "polyphonic novel" and the many authorial voices to be heard therein. Similarly, as Bakhtin's other writings have appeared in translation, he has been hailed in disparate circles for his contributions to linguistic, psychoanalytic, and social theory. But among all those who have studied various aspects of Bakhtin's work, few have been in a position, or even attempted, to assess his total achievement.It is the great merit of Clark and Holquist's book that they have endeavored, insofar as possible, to give us the complete life and the complete works of this complex and multifaceted figure. The authors have had unique access to the Bakhtin archive in Moscow, have traced further material in other cities in Europe, and have interviewed many persons who knew Bakhtin. The phases of his life are placed in their physical and intellectual milieux, and accounts are given of the figures who made up the various "Bakhtin circles" over the years. All of the works, published and unpublished, are discussed, in the context of European philosophical movements and the currents of thought of the time. Underlying and informing Bakhtin's particular theories in various fields was, in the authors' view, his lifelong meditation on the relation between self and other. The philosophy he evolved has come to be called dialogism, since it conceives of the world in terms of communication and exchange. It is a world view with wide-ranging implications for the human sciences.