Shahid Mahmood — новинки

This study includes various aspects of environmental hazards which may be correlated to human beings directly or indirectly. Heavy metals are very persistent and widespread contaminants in the world. So our research clings to black kites as helpful bio-indicator in our learning. The industrial era and escalating automobiles have polluted environment in many ways, some of the toxic materials like lead are fed out throughout the public areas with high density population. There are certain resources such as mining, smelting, refining, manufacturing processes and by the use of lead containing products. Heavy metals may get absorbed in the bird’s tissues through various sources like nasal passage or by feeding contaminated food etc. There are a large number of pathways of their entry into the food web like air, water, soil, living organisms, and biogeochemical cycles. Our study elaborates that long and severe exposure of birds to heavy metals causes severe effects on growth, reproduction, development, behaviors, resistance to diseases and many other physiological mechanisms.

The aim of study was to determine the contamination in the organs of cattle (buffalo) reared in pesticide spraying areas of Gujranwala, Pakistan in 2012. Food safety is of great importance to all involved in the food chain. Complex agriculture skills are being utilized to overcome the increasing requirement for better food production and to meet the requirements of worldwide inhabitants. One of them is the use of pesticides, which utilization history is not so primitive but these are getting changed into environmental contaminants. During my study the pesticide (dimethoate) is detected in some samples of vital organs of the cattle, which were collected from five different areas of the Gujranwala city. Dimethoate level in contaminated samples was confirmed by HPLC analysis by comparing retention time. . So, according to my findings cattle are sensitive to dimethoate, and vital organs of cattle are contaminated to dimethoate in the order of Kidney ? Liver ? lungs. So, this book will help you to know about the dimethoate pesticides and the health risks to cattle as well as to man if pesticides contaminated the organs of cattle.

This manuscript evaluates the effect of vinegerized copper sulphate on morphology, gross pathology and histology of broiler chick organs such as on heart and gastrocnemius muscle. Findings include whether copper sulphate has beneficial or lethal effects on these organs, and to study the effects of copper sulphate on broilers to check the environmental pollution level. In practice vinegerized copper sulphate is added in the food of broilers which is used as a fungicide, algicide, as dietary supplement for poultry and a source of nutrition in animals and as a source of growth promotant. Copper effect all the body organs of the broiler chickens and also effect the growth. Copper is the most likely to become toxic when over supplemented. Copper toxicities can occur in cattle that consume excessive amounts of supplemented copper or feeds that have been contaminated with copper compounds used for other agricultural or industrial purposes. These heavy metal contents move into the human body when they eat the meat of the broilers and cause many hazardous effects. The waste of the broilers which is used in fertilizers is also the major cause of creating diseases in humans.

Lead and cadmium are recognized as environmental pollutants. One of the major sources of atmospheric lead is the burning of gasoline in vehicles containing antiknock additive lead. The environmental pollution and smoking contributes a lot for cadmium concentration in human blood. A research based survey was conducted to find out the levels of heavy metals in blood samples of subjected persons of two cities of central Punjab, Pakistan viz. Ghakkhar and Wazirabad with the average period (15 yrs) of exposure towards automobile emission. The levels of cadmium and lead in human blood samples of investigated and control groups were examined between August to December 2010. Blood samples of subjected persons age ranged 25-60 yrs were collected. Control group includes the adolescent males (16-20 years). Cadmium and lead concentrations were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mean blood cadmium and lead level among investigated groups was significantly higher as compared to control group. So this book will help to know that environmental lead and cadmium pollution is associated with an increased blood lead and cadmium level in those who are regularly exposed to vehicle exhaust

The aim of study was to determine the contamination in the meat and organs liver, lungs, kidney and muscles reared in pesticide spraying areas of Gujrat, Pakistan. Because no such published information is available in this region.The meat and organs such as liver, lung, kidney and muscles were collected from different locations of intermittent areas of Gujrat city.The pesticide analyzed in the collected organs (n=80) with high performance liquid chromatography techniques. The residue analysis revealed that about 0.5444 % kidney, 0.617933% liver, 0.431867% lungs and 0.819733% muscles samples were contaminated with dimethoate. The trend of pesticide contamination was observed as Muscles ? Liver ? Kidney ? lungs. Pesticides residues in organs were found higher than the Maximum Residual Limit (MRL) established by the international health.

In this text the heavy metal (particularly lead) contamination in the Blue Rock Pigeons through their feathers or muscles and the effects of the lead contamination in the body are under scrutinized. Heavy metals are those metals which have certain toxic or poisonous effects in living bodies. A great concern all through the world is heavy metal contamination in living animals including birds. High concentrations of heavy metals play an important role in fluctuating and disturbing the nervous control of organism and rest of body systems. Birds have a significant role in the ecosystem. In this research pigeons are chosen as bio-indicator. The lead resources, transport mediums and contamination areas are discussed in my present study. The lead metal contamination in the living pigeons is through feathers and oral pathway, absorbed or intake material containing lead contamination leads to serious health related problems in the living organisms.

The day by day progress of Pakistan has resulted in the development of industries and towns. Contamination is a problem which is related with this progress. Gujranwala District is one of the most developed and industrialized parts of Pakistan selected for this research. In current study seven heavy metals Hg, Pb, Ni, As, Cu, Cd and Ag were detected in the meat samples of cattle (Buffaloes). Out of these, mercury, lead, cadmium and arsenic are the principal lethal metals. The reason for selecting cattle is that they feed on vegetation and are infected by metal pollution as much as the humans. The main reasons for pollution by metals are industries, automobiles, polluted water, pesticides in fields and contaminated soil.

This study aims to investigate the uptake of Zinc, Copper and Chromium in the muscles of Cyprinus carpio from Akram Shaheed Bridge and Rasul Barrage at river Jhelum in Punjab province, Pakistan in 2010. The Cyprinus carpio is one of the most edible fishes in Punjab. So it is necessary to determine the concentration of heavy metals in muscles as these can cause public health risks. Some heavy metals are biologically important as trace elements but many of them have the biotoxic effects in human biochemistry. So, it is essential to know about their sources, concentrations, their modes of deposition to pollute the environment, leaching processes, conversions and oxidation states which make them harmful and also how these become biotoxic, because when ingested the metals combine with biomolecules as proteins and enzymes to form compounds which are biotoxically stable. The domestic, industrial wastes and mining are the main sources for the heavy metals accumulation. So, this book will help you to know about the Cyprinus carpio and the health risks to fish as well as to man if he takes the fish contaminated with heavy metals.

Present project was planned to alleviate the vitamin A deficiency in pregnant and lactating women by providing vitamin A fortified cookies. For the purpose, cookies were prepared by adding two vitamin A fortificants i.e. retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate separately @ 30, 40 and 50% RDA of pregnant (750µg) and lactating (1200µg) women. During storage studies, moisture content and TBA no. of the cookies were increased from 2.51 to 2.84% and 0.40 to 0.69mg malenaldehyde/Kg, respectively. Vitamin A losses during baking and storage ranged from 7.95 to 15.79% and 8.02 to 9.69%, respectively, among the treatments. On the basis of physico-chemical analysis, baking & storage stability and sensoric attributes, T4 (50% of RDA; retinyl acetate) and T7 (50% of RDA; retinyl palmitate) were selected for efficacy purposes. Selected treatments (Five cookies; 50g per day) along with placebo were provided to the respective groups of vitamin A deficient pregnant women in third trimester.