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28 марта 2024 г. 09:03

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Запрещать незапретное

Знакомство с Испанией продолжается. Генерал Франко. Мда, тот еще перец. В принципе, обычный диктатор с популисткими лозунгами и бредовыми идеями на запрет незапретного.
Вот, интересно, запрет на посещение лекций в ВУЗах для дам он брал в радикальном исламе или просто был консерватором, стремящимся сделать Испанию единой? А запрет даже народных танцев?
Знаете, все это отдает флешбэками на плохишей в историях от Джанни Родари из далекого уже детства.
Хотя внедрение очередного запрета вызванное действиями войны на востоке Украины сегодня показывает, что это может быть совершенно осуществимо.

A cult of personality emerged around the general who became known as ‘El Caudillo’ – the leader. The liberal laws of the Republicans were swept away. In their stead came a wave of legislation by which women were banned from being university lecturers, and not only could they not serve as judges, they couldn’t even testify in trials. The Church did not demur at the concept that divine providence had sent Franco to save the nation, and the junta promoted the idea that the nation was a single, unitary entity. That meant regional identities such as Basque and Catalan would have to be quashed. The languages of both provinces were banned from the public sphere, backed by a government slogan which said: ‘Si eres Español, habla Español!’ (‘If you are Spanish, speak Spanish!’). Catalan and Basque retreated into the private sphere, spoken at home, but every syllable was a form of rejection of Madrid’s authority.
Franco ruled until 1975. He intended to create a homogeneous Spain but, like many before him, was defeated by the geography which had kept alive the regional languages and identities for so long. One of the fortresses he ran up against was the Camp de Les Corts stadium – home to Barcelona FC. Franco was known to support Real Madrid, not so much as a fan but to create a symbol of Spanish success. He could hardly promote a club from a region which wanted autonomy. The regime had changed Barcelona FC’s name into Castilian and altered the club badge so that the Catalan flag on it resembled the Spanish flag. But it couldn’t alter the spirit of the fans. Thousands would sing in Catalan – after all, the police could hardly arrest them all. The tradition survived the move to Camp Nou in the late 1950s. Across in the Basque Country, supporters of Athletic Bilbao showed their view of Madrid in a similar manner. Many in both cities still do.
The sardana, a Catalan folk dance, was also banned. It involves people linking hands in a circle that widens and shrinks as they join or leave. Naturally, the Catalans performed it wherever and whenever they could as an act of defiance, the circle symbolizing unity.